Preparation and evaluation of four kinds of mixed essential oil liposomes in Jieyu Anshen Formula / 中国中药杂志

In order to increase the stability and solubility of essential oil in Jieyu Anshen Formula, this study was to prepare the essential oil into liposomes. In this experiment, the method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency of liposomes was established by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and dextran gel column. The encapsulation efficiency and particle size of liposomes were used as evaluation indexes for single factor investigation and Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the design. Then the optimal formulation of volatile oil liposome was characterized using methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone as index components. Finally, the in vitro transdermal properties of liposomes were studied by modified Franz diffusion cell. The results showed that the concentration of lecithin, the mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil, and the stirring speed were the three most significant factors affecting the liposome preparation. The optimum formulation of volatile oil liposome was as follows: the concentration of lecithin was 7 g·L~(-1); mass ratio of lecithin to volatile oil was 5∶1; and the stirring speed was 330 r·min~(-1). Under such conditions, the prepared liposomes had blue emulsion light, good fluidity, half translucent, with particle size of(102.6±0.35) nm, Zeta potential of(-17.8±0.306) mV, permeability of(1.67±1.01)%, and stable property if liposome was stored at 4 ℃. 24 h after percutaneous administration, the cumulative osmotic capacity per unit time was(30.485 2±1.238 9),(34.794 8±0.928 3),(26.677 1±1.171 7),(3.066 2±0.175 3) μg·cm~(-2)respectively for methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone. In vitro transdermal behaviors of methyleugenol, elemin, β-asarone and α-asarone in liposomes were all consistent with Higuchi equation. The prepared volatile oil liposomes met the relevant quality requirements, providing a reference for further research on preparation of multi-component Chinese medicine essential oil liposomes.

Promoting effect of transdermal absorption of essential oils from Chinese materia medica and problem analysis in study of topical preparations / 中草药

In recent years, essential oils have drawn more and more attention of pharmaceutical workers due to its low toxicity and strong pharmacological activity. In addition to some pharmacological effects, some volatile oil also can be used as a good transdermal absorption enhancer, which has been widely used in topical preparation. The effect and mechanism of volatile oil as transdermal enhancers are different according to different kinds and active ingredients of essential oils. This paper summarizes the related researches on the promoting effect and mechanism of essential oil absorption by skin in recent years. The author analyzes the existing problems in the application of volatile oils in the topical preparations, so as to provide a reference for the later research.

Experimental research on anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the antivirus function in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) by researching its effect on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By the method of Hep-2 cell culture and using ribavirin as a positive control, the anti-RSV effect of ECF was investigated by observing cytopathic effect (CPE) with MTT colorimetric assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Hep-2 cells, the CC50 of ECF and ribavirin were 3.11 mg/ml and 1.35 mg/ml separately. In the experiment of ECF directly killing RSV, the IC50 of ECF was 184.1 microg/ml, SI was 16.87; In the experiment of ECF preventing RSV invasion, no antiviral function of ECF within the experimental concentration range was observed; In the experiment of ECF inhibiting RSV replication, the IC50 of ECF was 1555. 8 microg/ml, SI was 1.99.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ECF couldn't prevent virus from invading into host cell, but showed direct killing-virus function and inhibition of the virus replication.</p>

Study on antineoplastic effect of earthworm coelomic fluid in vitro / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the antineoplastic effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF)on growth inhibition and its mechanism for the tumor cell lines Siha, SW480, Colo205 and PC12.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT colorimetric assay, flow cytometry and morphological analysis were used to test its antitumor activity on tumor cell lines and normal cell line Cos7 in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ECF can inhibit the cell growth of Siha, SW480, Colo205, PC12 and Cos7. But different tumor cell lines showed different sensitivity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EFC can significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro by inducing tumor cells apoptosis.</p>

Principles and techniques of plastic surgery in the treatment of patients injuried in the Wenchuan earthquake / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of plastic surgeon in the early intervention of soft tissue wound resulted from earthquake.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Firstly, the wounds were debrided completely. Based on the principles of plastic surgery, different methods were selected according to the types of the wounds. Primary closure was applied for wounds without any tissue defect. Skin grafts or flaps were needed for covering the soft tissue defect. Delayed wound closure was used for wounds with severe infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>102 cases were treated. Primary healing was achieved in 76 cases. Infected or burned wounds were delayed closed after 2 - 3 times of debridement and dress changing in 16 cases. All the flaps survived. Partial necrosis at the edge of the skin graft happened in 3 cases. 7 cases achieved delayed wound healing with skin graft or flap after VAC draining or dress changing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Satisfactory functional and cosmetic results can be achieved with the techniques of plastic surgeons. It has also important significance for the psychological recovering of the wounded in the earthquake.</p>

Role of integrin-linked kinase in renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the regulatory effect of urokinase on its expression in mice with obstructive nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the regulatory effect of urokinase on LIK expression in mice with obstructive nephropathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Normal male mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=20), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group (n=28), and UUO with urokinase treatment group (uPA, n=28), and UUO was induced surgically in the latter two groups. The mice were sacrificed on days l, 3, 7 and 14 after the surgery, and renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) was graded according to the result of Masson staining. The expression of ILK in the renal tissues of the rats was examined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting, and the expression of E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA expressions of ILK, E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of ILK mRNA and protein were significantly increased in UUO group, but significantly decreased by treatment with uPA (P<0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA mRNA level was significantly increased, while E-cadherin decreased in mice with UUO on day 3 after the surgery. Treatment with uPA significantly inhibited such effects (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ILK plays an important role in renal interstitial fibrosis by mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Urokinase attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice with UUO possibly by inhibiting ILK expression and preventing tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</p>

Optimization of human anti-HBsAg scFv secretary expression in Escherichia coli / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the conditions for high expression of anti-HBsAg scFv A-15 in E. coli, increase the production of the scFv in the culture medium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By changing induction occasion, concentration of inductor IPTG and induction time, influence of various conditions on expression of anti-HBsAg scFv A-15 was analyzed through ELISA. In addition, the effects of sucrose, glycine and Triton X-100 at different concentrations on the scFv excretion into culture medium was evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal expression conditions were as follows: the induction was started after culturing for 4 h, the concentration of IPTG was 0.5 mmol/L, and the induction lasted for 8 h. The scFv affinity in culture medium with 0.3 mol/L sucrose, 2% glycine, 1% Triton X-100, 16.78-fold higher, respectively than that without the three chemicals. The final yield of anti-HBsAg scFv A-15 was estimated to be 7.4 mg/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The conditions for production of anti-HBsAg scFv A-15 were optimized, which provides a practical method for more efficient production of the scFv in E. coli for further studying structure and function.</p>

Anatomy of buccal and marginal mandibular branches of facial nerve and its clinical significance / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the course and distribution of buccal and marginal mandibular branches of facial nerve, and its relevance to the treatment of facial paralysis and the protection of facial nerve during surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>12 cadaver heads were dissected (24 specimens). The course of the buccal and marginal mandibular branch and the interconnections between them were observed. The relationship of buccal branch to parotid duct, marginal mandibular branch to the inferior border of mandible were studied. With modified Sihler's staining technique, the distribution of facial nerve branches in innervated mimetic muscles was displayed. These anatomic relationships mentioned above were further confirmed during the operation of 40 patients with facial paralysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Parotid duct had a constant surface landmark. Buccal branch mainly consisted of 2-3 ramifications in 87.5% of the specimens, while marginal mandibular branch was double or single in 95.9% of the specimens. The buccal branch coursed within the distance between 10.7 mm above and 9.3 mm below the parotid duct, and innervated mimetic muscles of midface. The marginal mandibular branch coursed within the distance between 13.4 mm above and 4.8 mm below the lower border of mandible, crossed superiorly the facial artery and innervated mimetic muscles of lower lip.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is a close relationship of buccal branch to parotid duct and marginal mandibular branch to facial artery and lower border of mandible. With modified Sihler's staining technique, the original 3-dimensional picture of the intramuscular nerve distribution in human mimetic muscles.</p>

Laparoscopic small intestinal flap colpopoiesis / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possibility of Laparoscopic reconstruction of vagina using pedicled ileal autograft and provide a new procedure of colpopoiesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The abdominal and perineal approaches were performed simultaneously under a sufficiently deep general anaesthesia. Laparoscopically, a 15-18 cm segment of the ileum on its vascular pedicle, ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery and its concomitant veins, was selected and isolated for transplantation using ultrasonically-powered instruments. The distal of the transferred ileal segment was 15cm apart from the ileocecal junction. The ileum continuity was restored immediately by end-to-end anastomosis and the distal oral of the transplant was closed using a curved intraluminal stapler. Meanwhile, a neovaginal tract was completed to dissect from the perineum into the peritoneum and the tract widened laterally. Then the ileum transplant was reversed to reach the perineum through the peritoneal incision at the top of the neovaginal tract without subjecting the mesenteric neurovascular pedicle to undue tension and subsequent necrosis. The oral edge of the ileum transplant was sutured to the perineal skin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Followed up for over 1-53 months postoperatively, 36 patients who received laparoscopic vaginoplasty by transferring ileal segment flaps got satisfactory neovaginal function similar to a normal vagina with mucus and moistness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The advantages of using a laparoscopic ileum colpopoiesis are that (1) satisfactory neovaginal function similar to a normal vagina with mucus and moistness, (2) no disturbance of bowel function, (minimal scarring in abdominal wall and less secondary deformity in perineum and (3) no need for frequent dilation or stent wearing to the reconstructed vagina. And so laparoscopic vaginoplasty was a preferable alternative of vaginoplasty.</p>

Evaluation of injuries first week after Wenchuan earthquake in field hospital / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the injuries in Jiangyou Field Hospital first week after Wenchuan earthquake,and accumulate experience for better medical services and better-built field hospitals to meet the demands of the earthquake-stricken areas.Methods Classification was performed in 1 905 patients with emergency treatment.The medical records of those with hospital stay were retrospectively analysed,including geographical distribution,trauma type,diagnosis,initial treatment and outcomes.Results Six hundred and twenty-nine(33%)patients were hospitalized,with an average of 2 to 100 years old(median,41.2).Three hundred and eighty-four patients(61%)were admitted within the first three days after earthquake.The patients were mainly from Jiangyou City(245,39%),Beichuan County(194,31%)and Pingwu County (158,25%).The most common types of injuries were superficial lacerations(326,51.8%),fractures(202,32.1%) and soft tissue contusions/sprains(87,13.9%),among whom 15 experienced severe squeeze.There were 318 injuries to pelvis and extremities(50.6%),117 to head(18.6%)and 43 to back(6.8%),and 73 cases had multiple injuries (11.6%).Of 376 patients(59.8%)with operation,326 received debridement,21 external fixation,19 internal fixation, 11 amputation,4 laparotomy,4 fasciotomy and 2 craniotomy.The incidence of postoperative infections was 11.8%.Death occurred in 39 patients due to cerebral trauma,pelvic fracture,abdominal hemorrhage and multiple injuries.Conclusion When the earthquake has destroyed the major medical facilities,rapid organization of medical rescue teams,making full use of remaining medical resources and recovering electricity play an important role in the rescue of victims and reduction of mortality.Orthopaedic surgeons must dominate the medical teams as most of the earthquake victims suffer from injuries to the extremities.

The dynamic expression of TNF-alpha mRNA of hypertrophic scars and its roles / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha: TNF-alpha in the hypertrophic scar and find a valid way to treat the hypertrophic scars with gene therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TNF-alpha mRNA expression was tested with a semiquantitative reverse polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR) method in the different period of a hypertrophic scar.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a significant increase of TNF-alpha mRNA as the hypertrophic scar was getting mature (P < 0.01). However, the ratios of TNF-alpha mRNA was significantly in a lower level than the normal scar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that TNF-alpha may play an important role in normal would healing, but the hypertrophic scar may result from the shortage of the TNF-alpha. This indicates that to increase the TNF-alpha with gene therapy may be a good way to treat the hyphertrophic scar.</p>

Autogenous costal cartilage with Medpor: a compound auricular framework applied to one-stage total ear reconstruction / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce a compound external ear framework characterized by few complications, simplicity and very low rate of implant exposure or absorption.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A compound auricular framework, being composed of the ninth autogenous costal cartilage as ear rim and Medpor ear base, was used in one-stage total ear reconstruction. All patients were followed up postoperatively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine cases have been performed clinically using this compound framework and all of them achieved satisfactory efficacies. The reforged ears looked natural and achieved superior cosmesis, and none of them experienced ear rim fracture or implant exposure or distortion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This compound auricular framework has advantages of practicability, simplicity and minimal complications. It may be an ideal framework for the reconstruction of total external ear at present.</p>

Experimental study on p53 gene mutation in keloid fibroblasts / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the significance and the role of the p53 gene mutation in the exon 4 to 8 in keloid fibroblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue samples from twelve patients with keloid and twelve hyperplastic scar respectively were harvested for in vitro culture of fibroblasts, and normal skin samples from the same patients were employed as the control. Polymerase chain reaction-based single-strained conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing were employed to detect p53 gene mutations of the fibroblasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The points and frameshift mutations in the exon 4, 5, 6, 7 of p53 gene were identified in 9 of the 12 keloid tissue samples. No p53 gene mutation was detected in all hyperplastic scar and normal skin samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>p53 gene mutation might play an important role in the formation and development of keloids.</p>